Te haenga me te ruinga o te kākano ❘ Pollination and seed dispersal

He aha te take o ngā pua?

Mā te whakaputa uri tōrua e whai uri ai te nuinga o ngā momo rākau.

Nā reira, me whakaputa kākano e te nuinga o ngā momo rākau kia ora tonu ai.

Mā ngā pua te nuinga o ngā tipu e whai kākano ai.

What is the purpose of flowers?

Most tree species need to produce offspring via sexual reproduction.

That means most tree species need to produce seeds if they are to survive in the long term.

Flowers are how most plants produce seeds.

I ngētehi wā, ka whai raupua ngā pua, ka whakaputa waihonga rānei, kia whakamanea ai i ngā manu, pērā i te tūī, i te kākā, i te korimako, me ngā pī anō hoki.

Ka haria atu te hae i tētehi pua ki tētehi pua e ngā manu, e ngā hau o Tāwhirimātea rānei.

Sometimes, flowers have petals or produce nectar to attract birds like tūī, kākā and korimako and also bees.

Pollen can be carried from one flower to another by birds, by insects like bees or by gusts of wind.

Te hae me te haenga – te whakaputa uri tōrua o ngā tupu

Ko tēnei mea te hae, he kongakonga mōkitokito ka tuku atu i te taihema toa o te pua.

Ka kawea atu te hae ki te tauhae o te taihema uwha.

I te ngongonga o te hae, ka heke te pūtau hema-toa mā te tauhae ki te wharekano. Ka whakatōngia te pūtau hema-uwha ki reira, ā, ka tipu, ka rea te kākano.

Ko tēnei tukanga ka karangahia ko te haenga.

Pollen and pollination – sexual reproduction in plants

Pollen is the microscopic grains released from the stamens (male parts of the flower).

Pollen is carried to the stigma of the carpel (female part of the flower).

The male gamete (sperm cell) descends from the stigma through the pollen tube to the ovary. There, it fertilises the female gamete (egg cell). Following fertilisation, the seed develops.

This process is called pollination.

He aha te take o ngā hua?

I te nuinga o te wā, me tau tawhiti atu te kākano i tōna rākau whaea e matomato ai te tipu o te tupu hou.

Ko tā te tupu he whakaputa i ngā hua, e taea ai ērā āhuatanga o te ruirui kākano.

Ko tēnei tukanga ka karangahia ko te ruinga kākano.

He maha hoki ngā āhuatanga urutau o ngā hua kia haria atu ai ō rātou kākano e te hau, e te kararehe, e te wai, e te tangata anō hoki.

What is the purpose of fruit?

Usually, seeds need to travel far away from the mother tree if the new plant is to thrive.

Plants produce fruit to achieve this.

This process is called seed dispersal.

Fruits have many adaptations for their seeds to be carried by wind, animals, water and people.

Kararehe

He tino reka ki te kererū ngā hua nunui o ngā rākau taketake, pērā i te karaka, i te pūriri, i te miro anō hoki. Ka kaingia ngā hua e te kererū, ka ruia ai ngā kākano ki ngā tōpito o te whenua.

He wāhi nui tō te manu ki te ruiruinga o ngā kākano, nā reira, me reka rawa atu ngā hua o te kahikatea kia whakamanea rawa rā i ngā manu, i ngā tāngata hoki!

Animals

Kererū love to feed on the big fruits of native trees like karaka, pūriri and miro. When kererū eat the fruit, they also disperse the seed.

Because birds are so essential to seed dispersal, the fruit of the kahikatea has to be very sweet to attract the birds and people too!

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