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earthworms

Investigating earthworms – introduction

Article

Investigating earthworms – introduction

To most of us, one earthworm resembles another. Although earthworms do have common characteristics, species differ widely in their size, ...

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Participatory science and composting – CAPOW

Article

Participatory science and composting – CAPOW

CAPOW – Curious About Processing Organic Waste – was a Taranaki-based citizen science project and one of the Participatory Science Platform (PSP) projects supported by the ...

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Alternative conceptions about soil

Article

Alternative conceptions about soil

Students do not arrive in the classroom as blank slates. They’ve been exposed to the world around them and may have created their own explanations for ...

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Soils are all different

Article

Soils are all different

If you dig a hole in your school playing field, will the soil there look the same as the soil in your home garden? Is soil ...

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What is in soil?

Article

What is in soil?

What’s in soil? When you pick up a handful of soil, what do you see? Soil is made up of mineral particles, organic matter (living and ...

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Māori soil science

Article

Māori soil science

When Māori arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand in the late 13th century, they found a land quite different to the Polynesia from which they had travelled. ...

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Soil scientists at work

Article

Soil scientists at work

Imagine having a job where you get to work outside and no one worries if you get dirty! That is one aspect many soil scientists enjoy ...

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Soil – introduction

Article

Soil – introduction

Discover the world beneath our feet with Planet Earth and Beyond resources for NZ Curriculum levels 1 and 2. Without soil, we would be hungry, thirsty, ...

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Earthworms’ role in the ecosystem

Article

Earthworms’ role in the ecosystem

Charles Darwin is well known for his work on natural selection. He published widely on topics ranging from barnacles to geology to plants. He travelled the ...

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The role of observation in science

Article

The role of observation in science

Observation is something we often do instinctively. Observation helps us decide whether it’s safe to cross the road and helps to determine if cupcakes are ready ...

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Niches within earthworms’ habitat

Article

Niches within earthworms’ habitat

Asking where earthworms live may seem like a silly question. Doesn’t their name say it all? Soil may appear to be a homogeneous place to you ...

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Investigations in science

Article

Investigations in science

Scientists conduct investigations for all kinds of reasons. They may want to explore new ideas, gather evidence or prove or disprove previous results. Although scientists must ...

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Ross Gray

Article

Ross Gray

Position: Senior research associate, AgResearch (unitl 2016) Field: Soil ecology Ross Gray is a senior research associate with AgResearch. He is based at the Grasslands Research ...

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Dr Trish Fraser

Article

Dr Trish Fraser (1966–2025)

Position: Former Science Team Leader, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln. Field: Soil science Dr Trish Fraser was a senior soil scientist at Plant & Food Research, ...

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Dr Nicole Schon

Article

Dr Nicole Schon

Position: Senior scientist, AgResearch (Lincoln), now a group in the Bioeconomy Science Institute Field: Soil ecology Dr Nicole Schon is a senior scientist at AgResearch. Her ...

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Charles Darwin and earthworms

Article

Charles Darwin and earthworms

Charles Darwin is best known for his theory of evolution as set out in his book On the Origin of Species. He was a naturalist – ...

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<i>Octochaetus multiporus</i>

Article

Octochaetus multiporus

Octochaetus multiporus is a deep-burrowing earthworm native to New Zealand. It grows up to 30 cm in length and emits bioluminescent fluid when disturbed. Scientific classification ...

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Native and introduced earthworms

Article

Native and introduced earthworms

New Zealand has over 200 known species of earthworms, with new species being identified as they are discovered. Of these, the majority are both native and ...

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Earthworm adaptations

Article

Earthworm adaptations

Adaptation is an evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes increasingly well suited to living in a particular habitat. Natural selection results in helpful traits becoming more ...

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Characteristics of living things

Article

Characteristics of living things

When you look at the world around you, how do you categorise or group what you see? One of the broadest groupings is 'living' and 'non-living'. ...

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Bioindicators

Article

Bioindicators

A bioindicator is a living organism that gives us an idea of the health of an ecosystem. Some organisms are very sensitive to pollution in their ...

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Wormface – social networking for earthworms

Activity

Wormface – social networking for earthworms

In this activity, students research an earthworm of their choice before completing a social media profile for their earthworm. The activity fosters students’ literacy skills, and ...

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New Zealand soil creatures

Activity

New Zealand soil creatures

In this activity, students use Hub resources to learn about two unusual native New Zealand soil creatures. This cross-curricular activity combines science with reading, viewing, writing ...

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Observation in science – three-level reading guide

Activity

Observation in science – three-level reading guide

In this activity, students use a three-level reading guide to locate information about the role of observation in science from the text of an article. They ...

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