Consumer testing of functional foods
Consumer testing is common practice in food product development. Here, we describe how new food prototypes containing microencapsulated fish oil are tested by consumers at the Riddet Institute.
Tasting booth hatch
Tasting booths separate tasters so they are not distracted or influenced by others.
New food prototypes developed at the Riddet Institute contain microencapsulated fish oil. These products need to be tested by consumers to ensure they are acceptable.
Consumer testing informs product development
Consumer testing is common practice in the food industry. It allows companies to get feedback on a food product’s quality and acceptability to consumers. This feedback helps them decide whether a product needs further development. Ultimately, if a product is not acceptable to consumers, it will not sell.
Consumer testing includes looking at physical attributes of a food, such as texture or consistency, and sensory attributes, such as flavour and aroma.
Testing is a controlled process
A panel of people are selected to do the testing. The tests are done in a laboratory (test room) where panellists sit in separate booths so they are not distracted or influenced by others. The physical environment is controlled - the room is a neutral colour, free from odours and noise, and the lighting can be controlled to minimise colour differences in food samples. These controls help ensure the test results are accurate and not influenced by the environment.
Testing omega-3 enriched ice cream
The functional and sensory qualities of omega-3 enriched ice cream were tested at the Riddet Institute. Here, Amit Taneja explains the purpose of this testing.
The food samples are prepared in a separate area and passed to panellists through a hatch. The panellists record their responses to various attributes of the food product on a questionnaire.
Screening people for consumer testing
People who are very sensitive to fishy flavours are used to taste omega-3 enriched products. Here, Amit Taneja from the Riddet Institute explains how they do this.
The panellists are given an information sheet and consent form before they start. This explains what is involved, how the results will be used and gives them information about the ingredients in the food. Some people are allergic to fish so it’s important to declare that the product contains fish-derived products.
Tasters selected for specific tests
Selecting people for the panel depends on what information the technologists want to find out. To test for overall liking of a product, they use university students or staff. To find out if the food has a fishy taste or smell, they use a panel of people who are particularly sensitive to fish. This means they have to screen people to pick the ideal panellists.
Preparing tasting portions
Tasting portions are prepared in a separate room and passed through a hatch to tasters.
Preparing the questionnaire
Part of preparing the questionnaire for the tasting panel involves deciding on what words to use to describe the attributes of the food. These are called ‘descriptors’. The panellists have to agree on the meaning of these descriptors so their results can be compared.
Two types of test used
Two common types of consumer tests used for food products containing omega-3 are the ‘overall liking or acceptance’ and the ‘overall difference’ tests.
Describing food characteristics for consumer testing
Words used to describe food characteristics in consumer testing need to be agreed on by the people who do the tasting. Here, Amit Taneja explains how this is done at the Riddet Institute.
The ‘acceptance’ test uses a panel of untrained tasters. The tasters score the food product on a rating scale according to how much they like or dislike it. This provides feedback on the general consumer acceptability of the product.
The ‘overall difference’ test uses specially selected and trained panellists to test for fishy taste and odour. In this test, the panellists are given two or more food samples – one is a control with no fish oil, the other has fish oil added. The panellists won’t know which sample is which. Through this test, the food technologists can work out how much fish oil can be added to a food. They use the same test to compare the new product with existing commercial varieties.
