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    • Nest of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) on the forest floor.
    Rights: Scottie Productions Published 12 July 2016 Size: 570 KB Referencing Hub media

    The nest of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) on the forest floor. New Zealand has the highest densities of these wasps in the world. In beech forest with honeydew, the biomass of social wasps is greater than that of all the native birds.

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      Insects and forest ecosystems

      Our native forests – ngahere – have complex ecosystems. Within the wider ecosystems are smaller ecosystems, such as the one formed around honeydew. Honeydew is a sweet, sticky substance produced ...

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